OPEN FILE
ARTIFACT 010 — CHILDHOOD DRAWING
ORIGINAL: SINGLE LEAF, OCTAVO, GRAPHITE ON LAID PAPER
MAKER: NIKOLA TESLA, AGE 4 (WINTER 1860–61)
PROVENANCE: APERTURE NOTEBOOK, PASTED INSIDE BACK COVER
SEIZED: 09 JAN 1943 — OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
DECLASSIFIED: 14 MAR 2016

The June-Bug Motor — A Diagram, Aged Four

PENCIL SKETCH ON LAID PAPER, c. JANUARY 1861
MADE FOR DANE TESLA, AGE 12, AT HIS REQUEST
Archivist's Note

The leaf reproduced below is the earliest extant document in the subject's hand. It was, on the date of seizure, pasted to the inside back cover of the Aperture Notebook with a small piece of dried fish-glue, and had been there, by the subject's own annotation, since 1916.

The drawing is, as the title suggests, a diagram of an electric — or, more accurately, an animate-mechanical — motor whose rotor is a paper pinwheel and whose driving force is sixteen Lika june-bugs (Polyphylla fullo, the European Pine Chafer) glued at the wing-cases to the pinwheel's vanes. The bugs, attempting to fly, propelled the wheel.

The subject built the device, by his later account in the Electrical Experimenter autobiography of 1919, in the boys' room of the Smiljan parsonage, in the winter of his fifth year, after his older brother Dane had remarked, over a bowl of beans, that "it would be interesting to see a motor made of insects." The device worked. It produced, by the subject's later estimate, sufficient torque to lift a small biscuit on a paper platform.

Eight months later, in August of 1861, Dane Tesla was dead. The drawing was kept in Đuka Tesla's hope-chest from 1861 until 1916, when the subject — having returned to Lika for the first time in fifty-two years — recovered it and pasted it into the back of his life's notebook.

— W.G., Office of Alien Property, transcribed Feb. 1943
CHAIN OF CUSTODY: TESLA (1861–1916, IN ĐUKA TESLA'S CHEST) → APERTURE NOTEBOOK (1916–1943) → OAP (1943) → NARA (1978) → DIGITAL (2016) FOLIO 010 / 112
SEIZED
SECTION 50-A
EXHIBIT 3327-N
Motor od buba — za Daneta
— A motor of bugs — for Dane —
žica
— wire (axis) —
buba
— bug (×16) —
rupa od igle
— pin-hole (axle) —
klej od ribe
— fish glue —
okreće
Šesnaest buba lete na žicu. Žica okreće. Točak okreće.
Diže biskvit od papira.
— Niko, januar
Recovered this from Mama's chest at the parsonage during my visit of August. Pasted into the back of the Notebook tonight. Dane never saw it finished — I had it on the floor of the boys' room when he came in from the field that afternoon, and he picked it up, and he said, "You will build them larger, Niko, when you are older. You will build a motor that runs for a year." Then he put it down and went out to the mare.

He went out to the mare.

— N. T., Smiljan, 12 August 1916, the fifty-fifth anniversary.
Cross-references

The June-Bug Motor is the subject's first recorded inventive act. The 1919 Electrical Experimenter autobiography refers to it once, in passing, in a single sentence in which the subject — by then sixty-three — attributes its creation to a "boyhood eccentricity" without naming the brother for whom it was made. The omission is, in the editorial judgment of this office, characteristic.

The drawing is mentioned again in the third-to-last entry of the Aperture Notebook (Artifact 002), where the subject writes, on the afternoon of his death: "The first motor was a motor I made for Dane. The last motor I have built is the tower at Wardenclyffe. I have, between, built nothing of consequence. Both motors were built for the same person."

For the parish record of Dane Tesla's death, see Artifact 015.